Soil sampling collects soil material for description, laboratory testing, or evaluation of subsurface conditions.
Definition
Soil sampling is the collection of soil material from selected locations and depths to describe or test subsurface conditions. Samples may be disturbed or relatively undisturbed, depending on the collection method and the intended evaluation. Handling, preservation, labeling, and laboratory procedures affect what information can be obtained. A sampling plan is limited to its locations, depths, and methods, and does not represent every soil condition across a site. Firms may scope sampling by the number and type of samples, associated field work, and requested laboratory tests. Owners should align these details with the project questions and expected reporting. Soil sampling is not the same as a soil boring, which creates an exploration point, nor does a sample alone establish design recommendations. Professionals interpret sample results with field observations and other project information. The ASCE resource offers broader context about civil engineering practice, including geotechnical work.
How owners use it
- Match sample types and planned laboratory tests to the questions the design team needs answered.
- Clarify sample handling, labeling, preservation, laboratory scope, and expected reporting in the investigation plan.
- Review whether proposed sampling locations and depths address relevant project areas.
- Example: If 8 samples are planned and each requires 2 laboratory tests, the scope includes 8 × 2 = 16 tests.
